enum 关键字用于声明枚举,即一种由一组称为枚举数列表的命名常数组成的独特类型。每种枚举类型都有基础类型,该类型可以是除char 以外的任何整型。即:
(byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long和ulong)
Emumeration 这个概念早在C时代就有了,不过以前没怎么用过。
基本表达, 改变默认值和默认类型
Enumeration的默认值是从0开始的int,如下:
enum Direction{ UP, RIGHT DOWN, LEFT,};此时UP=0, DOWN=1...依此类推改变默认值:
enum Direction{ UP=1, RIGHT=2, DOWN=3, LEFT=4,};
改变类型(只能改变成:byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong):
enum Direction : long{ UP = 1111111111, DOWN = 1111111112, LEFT = 1111111113, RIGHT = 1111111114};访问Enumeration变量的值
赋值前先cast(强制类型转换):
long direct = (long)Direction.UP;Enumeration变量的文字描述
如果想要Enumeration返回一点有意义的string,从而用户能知道分别代表什么, 则按如下定义:
using System.ComponentModel; // 先添加该引用enum Direction{ [Description("this means facing to UP (Negtive Y)")] UP = 1, [Description("this means facing to RIGHT (Positive X)")] RIGHT = 2, [Description("this means facing to DOWN (Positive Y)")] DOWN = 3, [Description("this means facing to LEFT (Negtive X)")] LEFT = 4};使用如下方法来获得文字描述:using System.Reflection;using System.ComponentModel;public static String GetEnumDesc(Direction e){ FieldInfo EnumInfo = e.GetType().GetField(e.ToString()); DescriptionAttribute[] EnumAttributes = (DescriptionAttribute[]) EnumInfo. GetCustomAttributes (typeof(DescriptionAttribute), false); if (EnumAttributes.Length > 0) { return EnumAttributes[0].Description; } return e.ToString();}
或者可以自己定义Discription Attributesenum Direction{ [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to UP (Negtive Y)")] UP = 1, [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to DOWN (Positive Y)")] DOWN = 2, [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to RIGHT (Positive X)")] RIGHT = 3, [EnumDescription("Rover is facing to LEFT (Negtive X)")] LEFT = 4};
AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field)]
public class EnumDescriptionAttribute : Attribute{ private string _text = ""; public string Text { get { return this._text; } } public EnumDescriptionAttribute(string text) { _text = text; }
}
虽然现在,.net 中关于 enum 的 ToString 操作会输出这个 enum 的名字,不过,有很多情况下,我们希望使用不同的语言来显示它,或者,我们想要显示的字符串中有非法字符(比如空格,对于变量来讲,是非法字符,而对于显 示来说,就是一个普通的要求了),而这个属性,帮助我们显示 enum 所定义的字符串,不过,很可惜的,虽然任何的 enum 都是从 System.Enum 派生的,不过,我们没有办法改写它的 ToString 函数,所以,需要一个 Helper 类来帮助它的输出:
public class EnumStringHelper{ public static string ToString(object o) { Type t = o.GetType(); string s = o.ToString(); EnumDescriptionAttribute[] os = (EnumDescriptionAttribute[])t.GetField(s).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(EnumDescriptionAttribute), false); if (os != null && os.Length == 1) { return os[0].Text; } return s; }}
使用上,类似这样:static void Main(string[] args){ Direction myDirection = Direction.DOWN; string s = EnumStringHelper.ToString(myDirection); Console.WriteLine("{0}", s); Console.ReadKey();}
转自<>(最后部分略有改动)